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TitleBiomarker concentrations in serum and urine of ocular tuberculosis patients
PurposeOcular tuberculosis (OTB) is difficult to diagnose and alternative biofluids are being investigated to search for biomarker (BM) profiles to aid diagnosis. We questioned whether differences exist in BM concentrations in serum and urine of OTB patients.

MethodsSerum and urine were collected from 14 patients with OTB. The concentrations of 29 BM were measured using the Luminex® platform. BM were selected based on earlier publications.
ResultsThe median age (7 males) was 38.5 years (range 25 – 73) with 3 cases bilateral. There were 5 cases each of posterior and panuveitis and 4 of anterior uveitis. Only 3 BM (sIL-2Ra, sTNFRI and IFNγ) showed no difference in concentration between urine and serum. Two others (sTNFRII and VEGF-A) trended towards a difference while the remaining 24 BM showed marked differences (p<0.01). Of these, only 2 (IL-1RA and IL-2) showed higher urine concentrations.
ConclusionThe concentrations of most BM studied differed markedly in urine and serum with the majority being much lower in urine. In most cases it is impossible to extrapolate urine concentrations from serum values and vice versa and thus different biofluids are not interchangeable when developing OTB biomarkers.
Conflict of interestNo
Authors 1
Last nameSMIT
Initials of first name(s)DP
DepartmentOphthalmology, Stellenbosch University
CityCape Town
CountrySouth Africa
Authors 2
Last nameVan der Colff
Initials of first name(s)F
DepartmentOphthalmology, Stellenbosch University
CityCape Town
CountrySouth Africa
Authors 3
Last nameChegou
Initials of first name(s)NN
DepartmentMolecular Biology, Stellenbosch University
CityCape Town
CountrySouth Africa
Authors 4
Last nameSnyders
Initials of first name(s)C
DepartmentMolecular Biology, Stellenbosch University
CityCape Town
CountrySouth Africa
Authors 5
Last nameWalzl
Initials of first name(s)G
DepartmentMolecular Biology, Stellenbosch University
CityCape Town
CountrySouth Korea