| Presentation preference | Oral presentation |
| Title | Diagnostic Pitfalls: Toxoplasmosis Misdiagnosed as Dengue Leading to Severe Ocular Complications |
| Accept poster if oral is not possible ? | Yes |
| Purpose | To describe two cases of acute toxoplasmosis misdiagnosed as dengue, highlighting the clinical similarities between the two diseases, the importance of differential diagnosis, and the need for timely treatment to prevent severe ocular complications. |
| Methods | Case Report |
| Results | Two patients with systemic symptoms initially suggestive of dengue were diagnosed clinically without confirmatory testing. Both patients did not receive treatment for toxoplasmosis. After approximately 2.5 months, they presented with ocular symptoms, including reduced visual acuity. Ophthalmological examinations revealed macular retinochoroiditis lesions. Serological testing confirmed acute toxoplasmosis with positive IgM and IgG antibodies. Treatment led to clinical improvement; however, both patients developed permanent macular scars resulting in
significant visual impairment, with final visual acuities of 20/200 and 20/100. The delayed diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis during its acute phase likely contributed to the development of these irreversible ocular lesions. |
| Conclusion | These cases underscore the clinical overlap between dengue and toxoplasmosis, emphasizing the critical need for thorough differential diagnostic protocols, particularly in regions endemic
to both diseases. Timely serological testing and early intervention for toxoplasmosis can prevent severe ocular complications and permanent visual impairment. Increased clinical awareness and diagnostic rigor are essential to improving patient outcomes in similar cases. |
| Conflict of interest | No |
1
| Last name | ZANETTI PATRICIO DE MACEDO |
| Initials of first name(s) | B |
| Department | Clínica Moacir Cunha/ Grupo Fleury |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
2
| Last name | ANDRADE |
| Initials of first name(s) | G |
| Department | Clínica Moacir Cunha/ Grupo Fleury |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
3
| Last name | Cunha |
| Initials of first name(s) | L |
| Department | Clínica Moacir Cunha/ Grupo Fleury |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
4
| Last name | Oliveira |
| Initials of first name(s) | L.B. |
| Department | Clínica Moacir Cunha/ Grupo Fleury |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
5
| Last name | Finamor |
| Initials of first name(s) | L |
| Department | Clínica Moacir Cunha/ Grupo Fleury |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
